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“Userable market” and “having a role as a basis”: A review of Confucian economic thinking in the field of “big and one-size-fits-all” in “age”

Author: Wang Lingqiang

Source: “Confucius Research” Issue 2, 2025

Abstract: Emperor Hanwu adopted Dong Zhongshu’s suggestion of respecting Confucianism alone. href=”https://www.taiwanblog.net/Amber/”>Sweetheart Baobaobaobaobaobao Network constructs a centralized power governance of “large-class” and does not accept its economic thinking of “not competing with the public” and “salts are all about the public”. Confucian scholars represented by Dong Zhongshu have thus embarked on a path of reforming the “large-class” real “large-class” with Confucian fantasy. On the one hand, the “large-one” academic concept includes the “original system, heaven and heavenly priest” thinking of limiting the monarch’s power. In the field of economic thinking, we ask the monarch to follow the natural laws of the way of heaven to operate, listen to economic activities formed by the common people, and take no action on normal economic activities. On the other hand, the concept of “large-one” in political practice shows that it is domineering politics by “using the king to establish a common and easy-to-use approach”. The monarch is the defender of social order. This asks the bureau to undertake the ability to standardize market behavior, promote fair distribution, and guide the healthy development of the market. In this regard, Confucian economic thinking also emphasizes the marriage between “useful market” and “having a position as a position”. The “market determines sexuality in resource setting and installation” that today said contracts prices” and “better develops the position as a means of being a position in Chinese civilization.

Since the beginning of Eastern Economics’ advancement, Kang Youwei and Liang Qi, super-Chinese old-style intellectuals linked Confucian economic thinking with modern economic unrestricted theories through the “reverse pattern” of Chinese and Western economic thinking. [1] Unrestricted hearing has become the mainstream abstraction of Confucian economic thinking. After more than a hundred years, this abstraction not only did not fade, but became more prominent. [2] However, whether it is the political leader of “common, rich, and teaching” in “Theory”, or the tyrannical measures of “making the common people’s income” in “Mencius”, or even the wealthy proposition of “enhanced versions” in “Xunzi” and “strengthening the use of the book of the book”, a very positive and conscientious abstraction of the “substantial” in “Xunzi”. Because of this, as the supporter of the Confucian economy unrestricted theory, although Hou Jiagui advocated that unrestricted economic thinking is an inherent civilization tradition in our country, he had to admit that Confucianism did not oppose the authorities’ economic activities.When Ma Shi reflects on the civilized causes of Eastern Asia’s economic miracle, despite repeated emphasis on the relationship between Eastern Asia’s unrestrained market economy and Confucian unrestrained economic thinking, he still cannot ignore the influence of the strong authority of Eastern Asia and the country’s guiding strategy toward development was affected by Confucian “big unity” thinking. [4] It can be seen that the simple and simple dependence of the simple and unrestrained theory of modern economy cannot accurately understand Confucian economic thinking. This article returns to the historical starting point of Confucianism in late Western Han Dynasty, which is the rise of the country’s mainstream ideological form, and builds the “big and single” center of the central authority from Emperor Wu of HanBaobao.comWhen receiving Dong Zhongshu’s suggestion of respecting Confucianism alone during the political ruling period, he did not adopt the fact that his economic initiative was actually launched, settled in the framework of the differential structure of the “big unity” and the “big unity” in the Confucian fantasy, and examined the coexistence of Confucian economic thinking, and answered the influence and boundary between the bureau and the market in Confucian economic thinking.

Short-term maintenance 

1. Analyze the boundaries of the domain

According to common views, Emperor Hanwu adopted the “large-one” thinking of “age” proposed by Dong Zhongshu in “Super Good Countermeasures”, dismantled all schools of thought and expressed the six aspects, and elevated Confucianism to the mainstream state of consciousness. Since then, Confucianism has become the orthodox thinking of the dynasty. However, when the female college student Baojiajiao Club was evaluated, we found that when Dong Zhongshu answered Emperor Hanwu’s third question, he first understood the economic thinking of Confucianism’s “not competing with the common people”, and then he expressed his unique Confucianism’s advocacy based on the “big tense” of “Year”: The sky also has some differences. The one who gives the horns and the one who gives the wings is two feet. The one who receives the wings cannot be small. …The body is fed and the position is high, the family is warm and the food is thick. Because of the rich and powerful resources, we can compete with the people to benefit the people. How can the people be like this? … Therefore, 口用口用官网站口用官网站, the food is not competitive with the people, and then the benefits are distributed evenly, while the people can have enough food. This is the principle of heaven, and it is also the way of the beginning. The emperor’s law is used as a control, and the masters follow it as a way of doing it. …If you are in the position of a righteous person, when you act, you will give up the common people’s reunion and lose the same thing, and you will be able to do it.

The “Year” is a common saying of Liuhe, and is a common saying of ancient and modern times. Now the teacher is different from the Tao, people are different from each other, and the hundreds of schools of thought are different, which means that the above is destroyed to adhere to the same system; the legal system changes, and the lower part does not know what to do. I am foolish in my opinion that those who do not study Confucius’ skills in the Six Arts will do the same thing and do not let them go together. The evil saying goes, then the rules can be understood and the rules can be understood.I know where to come from. (“Han Book·Dong Zhongshu”)

After that, when building a “large-solid” center, Emperor Hanwu accepted Dong Zhongshu’s admiration for Confucianism, but did not accept the above-mentioned economic thinking of “not competing with the common people”, but instead adopted the economic policy suggestions of Sang Hongyang, Yang Ke and others: First, continue to pursue the policy of focusing on agriculture and suppressing commerce, and “reporting” through “calculation” and “reporting” <a The maintenance club levies high property taxes to prevent businessmen from working; the second is to adopt specialized business operations and alcohol policies, and stop civilians from operating through business cessation; the third is to allow the officials of the bureau to "sit in the market and participate in social economic activities in an all-round way (see "History Records·Precision Book"). Combining these policies has enabled the entire country to establish a centralized economy from the location to the center, that is, to use the authority to manipulate the national economic life and use the pre-requisite economy as the main method of increasing financial expenditure, stabilizing material prices, and stabilizing economy.

Confucian economic fantasy is obviously different from this. In addition to the macro-conspicuous guidance thinking like “not competing with the common people”, Dong Zhongshu’s specific economic policy suggestions in “Han Books·Food Records” can realize the ordinary characteristics of Confucian economic thinking: (1) Based on the tradition of grains that only emphasize malt and malt in “Year”, please change the low-quality malt in the area of ​​Central China. The custom of “to make the people in the middle of the country have a better place”; (2) To address the phenomenon of land merger of “the rich are in the fields, and the poor are in the land of a land”, we ask to implement the policy of restricting land, “to limit the fields of famous fields, to be weak and lack, to block the road of merger”; (3) To oppose the special policy of salt iron operation